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The Prophet (SAW) came visiting me while I was (sick) in Makkah, (Amir the sub-narrator said, and he disliked to die in the land, whence he had already migrated). He (i.e. the Prophet (SAW)) said, "May Allah bestow His Mercy on Ibn Afra (Sad bin Khaula)." I said, "O Allah's Apostle (SAW)! May I will all my property (in charity)?" He said, "No." I said, "Then may I will half of it?" He said, "No". I said, "One third?" He said: "Yes, one third, yet even one third is too much. It is better for you to leave your inheritors wealthy than to leave them poor begging others, and whatever you spend for Allah's sake will be considered as a charitable deed even the handful of food you put in your wife's mouth. Allah may lengthen your age so that some people may benefit by you, and some others be harmed by you." At that time Sad had only one daughter.
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I recommend that people reduce the proportion of what they bequeath by will to the fourth (of the whole legacy), for Allah's Apostle (SAW) said, "One-third, yet even one third is too much."
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I fell sick and the Prophet (SAW) paid me a visit. I said to him, "O Allah's Apostle (SAW)! I invoke Allah that He may not let me expire in the land whence I migrated (i.e. Makkah)." He said, "May Allah give you health and let the people benefit by you." I said, "I want to will my property, and I have only one daughter and I want to will half of my property (to be given in charity)." He said," Half is too much." I said, "Then I will one third." He said, "One-third, yet even one-third is too much." (The narrator added, "So the people started to will one third of their property and that was Permitted for them.")
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The custom (in old days) was that the property of the deceased would be inherited by his offspring; as for the parents (of the deceased), they would inherit by the will of the deceased. Then Allah cancelled from that custom whatever He wished and fixed for the male double the amount inherited by the female, and for each parent a sixth (of the whole legacy) and for the wife an eighth or a fourth and for the husband a half or a fourth.
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A man asked the Prophet (SAW), "O Allah's Apostle (SAW)! What kind of charity is the best?" He replied. "To give in charity when you are healthy and greedy hoping to be wealthy and afraid of becoming poor. Don't delay giving in charity till the time when you are on the death bed when you say, 'Give so much to so-and-so and so much to so-and so,' and at that time the property is not yours but it belongs to so-and-so (i.e. your inheritors)."
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I heard Allah's Apostle (SAW) saying, "All of you are guardians and responsible for your charges: the Ruler (i.e. Imam) is a guardian and responsible for his subjects; and a man is a guardian of his family and is responsible for his charges; and a lady is a guardian in the house of her husband and is responsible for her charge; and a servant is a guardian of the property of his master and is responsible for his charge." I think he also said, "And a man is a guardian of the property of his father."
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(the wife of the Prophet (SAW)) Utba bin Abi Waqqas entrusted (his son) to his brother Sad bin Abi Waqqas saying, "The son of the slave-girl of Zama is my (illegal) son, take him into your custody." So during the year of the Conquest (of Makkah) Sad took the boy and said, "This is my brother's son whom my brother entrusted to me." Abd bin Zama got up and said, "He is my brother and the son of the slave girl of my father and was born on my father's bed." Then both of them came to Allah's Apostle (SAW) and Sad said, "O Allah's Apostle (SAW)! This is my brother's son whom my brother entrusted to me." Then Abd bin Zama got up and said, "This is my brother and the son of the slave-girl of my father." Allah's Apostle (SAW) said, "O Abd bin Zama! This boy is for you as the boy belongs to the bed (where he was born), and for the adulterer is the stone (i.e. deprivation)." Then the Prophet (SAW) said to his wife Sauda bint Zama, "Screen yourself from this boy," when he saw the boy's resemblance to Utba. Since then the boy did not see Sauda till he died.
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Hakim bin Hizam said, "I asked Allah's Apostle (SAW) for something, and he gave me, and I asked him again and he gave me and said, 'O Hakim! This wealth is green and sweet (i.e. as tempting as fruits), and whoever takes it without greed then he is blessed in it, and whoever takes it with greediness, he is not blessed in it and he is like one who eats and never gets satisfied. The upper (i.e. giving) hand is better than the lower (i.e. taking) hand." Hakim added, "I said, O Allah's Apostle (SAW)! By Him Who has sent you with the Truth I will never demand anything from anybody after you till I die.' " Afterwards Abu Bakr used to call Hakim to give him something but he refused to accept anything from him. Then Umar called him to give him (something) but he refused. Then Umar said, "O Muslims! I offered to him (i.e. Hakim) his share which Allah has ordained for him from this booty and he refuses to take it." Thus Hakim did not ask anybody for anything after the Prophet (SAW), till he died - may Allah bestow His mercy upon him.
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The Prophet (SAW) said to Abu Talha, "I recommend that you divide (this garden) amongst your relatives." Abu Talha said, "O Allah's Apostle (SAW)! I will do the same." So Abu Talha divided it among his relatives and cousins. Ibn Abbes said, "When the Qur'anic Verse: "And warn your tribe (O Muhammad) of near kindred' (26.214) was revealed, the Prophet (SAW) started calling the various big families of Quraish, "O Bani Fihr! O Bani Adi!' " Abu Huraira said, "When the Verse: And warn your tribe (O Muhammad) of near kindred' was revealed, the Prophet (SAW) said (in a loud voice), "O people of Quraish!' "
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When Allah revealed the Verse: "And warn your tribe (O Muhammad) of near kindred," Allah's Apostle (SAW) got up and said, "O people of Quraish (or said similar words)! Buy (i.e. save) yourselves (from the Hellfire) as I cannot save you from Allah's Punishment; O Bani Abd Manaf! I cannot save you from Allah's Punishment, O Safiya, the Aunt of Allah's Apostle (SAW)! I cannot save you from Allah's Punishment; O Fatima bint Muhammad! Ask me anything from my wealth, but I cannot save you from Allah's Punishment."
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