Sahih Bukhari

Allah's Apostle (SAW) said, "It is not permissible for any Muslim who has something to will to stay for two nights without having his last will and testament written and kept ready with him."
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(The brother of the wife of Allah's Apostle (SAW). Juwairiya bint Al-Harith) When Allah's Apostle (SAW) died, he did not leave any Dirham or Dinar (i.e. money), a slave or a slave woman or anything else except his white mule, his arms and a piece of land which he had given in charity.
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I asked Abdullah bin Abu Aufa "Did the Prophet (SAW) make a will?" He replied, "No," I asked him, "How is it then that the making of a will has been enjoined on people, (or that they are ordered to make a will)?" He replied, "The Prophet (SAW) bequeathed Allah's Book (i.e. Quran)."
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In the presence of Aisha some people mentioned that the Prophet (SAW) had appointed Ali by will as his successor. Aisha said, "When did he appoint him by will? Verily when he died he was resting against my chest (or said: in my lap) and he asked for a washbasin and then collapsed while in that state, and I could not even perceive that he had died, so when did he appoint him by will?"
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The Prophet (SAW) came visiting me while I was (sick) in Makkah, (Amir the sub-narrator said, and he disliked to die in the land, whence he had already migrated). He (i.e. the Prophet (SAW)) said, "May Allah bestow His Mercy on Ibn Afra (Sad bin Khaula)." I said, "O Allah's Apostle (SAW)! May I will all my property (in charity)?" He said, "No." I said, "Then may I will half of it?" He said, "No". I said, "One third?" He said: "Yes, one third, yet even one third is too much. It is better for you to leave your inheritors wealthy than to leave them poor begging others, and whatever you spend for Allah's sake will be considered as a charitable deed even the handful of food you put in your wife's mouth. Allah may lengthen your age so that some people may benefit by you, and some others be harmed by you." At that time Sad had only one daughter.
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I recommend that people reduce the proportion of what they bequeath by will to the fourth (of the whole legacy), for Allah's Apostle (SAW) said, "One-third, yet even one third is too much."
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I fell sick and the Prophet (SAW) paid me a visit. I said to him, "O Allah's Apostle (SAW)! I invoke Allah that He may not let me expire in the land whence I migrated (i.e. Makkah)." He said, "May Allah give you health and let the people benefit by you." I said, "I want to will my property, and I have only one daughter and I want to will half of my property (to be given in charity)." He said," Half is too much." I said, "Then I will one third." He said, "One-third, yet even one-third is too much." (The narrator added, "So the people started to will one third of their property and that was Permitted for them.")
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(the wife of the Prophet (SAW)) Utba bin Abi Waqqas entrusted (his son) to his brother Sad bin Abi Waqqas saying, "The son of the slave-girl of Zama is my (illegal) son, take him into your custody." So during the year of the Conquest (of Makkah) Sad took the boy and said, "This is my brother's son whom my brother entrusted to me." Abd bin Zama got up and said, "He is my brother and the son of the slave girl of my father and was born on my father's bed." Then both of them came to Allah's Apostle (SAW) and Sad said, "O Allah's Apostle (SAW)! This is my brother's son whom my brother entrusted to me." Then Abd bin Zama got up and said, "This is my brother and the son of the slave-girl of my father." Allah's Apostle (SAW) said, "O Abd bin Zama! This boy is for you as the boy belongs to the bed (where he was born), and for the adulterer is the stone (i.e. deprivation)." Then the Prophet (SAW) said to his wife Sauda bint Zama, "Screen yourself from this boy," when he saw the boy's resemblance to Utba. Since then the boy did not see Sauda till he died.
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A Jew crushed the head of a girl between two stones. She was asked, "Who has done so to you, so-and-so? So-and-so?" Till the name of the Jew was mentioned, whereupon she nodded (in agreement). So the Jew was brought and was questioned till he confessed. The Prophet (SAW) then ordered that his head be crushed with stones.
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The custom (in old days) was that the property of the deceased would be inherited by his offspring; as for the parents (of the deceased), they would inherit by the will of the deceased. Then Allah cancelled from that custom whatever He wished and fixed for the male double the amount inherited by the female, and for each parent a sixth (of the whole legacy) and for the wife an eighth or a fourth and for the husband a half or a fourth.
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