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"The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: 'If anyone of you stands after two Rakah, if he has not yet stood up fully, let him sit down again, but if he has stood up fully, then let him not sit down, and let him perform two prostrations for forgetfulness (Sahw).'" Sahih
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"I heard the Messenger of Allah (saw) say: 'If anyone of you is uncertain as to whether he has prayed one or two Rakah, let him assume it is one. If he is uncertain as to whether he has prayed two or three, let him assume it is two. If he is uncertain as to whether he has prayed three or four, let him assume it is three. Then let him complete what is left of his prayer, so that the doubt will be about what is more. Then let him prostrate twice while he is sitting, before the Taslim (saying the Salam).'" Sahih
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"The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: 'If anyone of you is uncertain about his prayer, let him put aside uncertainty and act upon that which is certain. When he has made sure his prayer is complete, then let him prostrate twice. Then if his prayer was complete, that (extra) Rakah will be counted as voluntary, and if his prayer was lacking, that Rakah will complete his prayer, and the two prostrations will rub the Satan's nose in the dust.'" Sahih
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"The Messenger of Allah (saw) offered prayer, and I am not sure whether he did something extra or omitted something. He asked, and we told him, so he turnd to face the Qiblah and prostrated twice, then he said the Salam. Then he turned to face us and said: 'If any new command has been revealed concerning the prayer, I would certainly have told you. But I am only human and I forget and you forget. If I forget, then remind me. And if anyone of you is uncertain about the prayer, let him do what is closest to what is correct, then complete the prayer, say the Salam and prostrate twice."
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"The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: 'If anyone of you is uncertain about his prayer, let him try to do what is correct then let him prostrate twice.'" Sahih
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that the Messenger of Allah (saw) forgot and said the Taslim after two Rakah. A man who was called Dhul-Yadain said to him: 'O Messenger of Allah (saw), has the prayer been shortened or did you forget?' He said: 'It has not been shortened and I did forget.' He said: 'But you prayed two Rakah.' He said: 'Is what Dhul-Yadain says true?' They said: 'Yes.' So he went forward and performed two Rakah and said the Salam, then he prostrated twice for prostrations of forgetfulness. Hasan
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"The Messenger of Allah (saw) led us in one of the afternoon prayers, and he prayed two Rakah, then he said the Salam. Then he stood up and went to a piece of wood in the mosque, and leaned against it. Those who were in a hurry left the mosque, saying that the prayer had been shortened. Among the people were Abu Bakr and Umar, but they dared not say anything. Among the people there was also a man with long hands who was called Dhul- Yadain. He said: 'O Messenger of Allah, has the prayer been shortened or did you forget?' He said: 'It has not been shortened and I did forget.' He said: 'But you prayed two Rakah.' He said: 'Is what Dhul- Yadain says true?' They said: 'Yes.' So he went forward and performed two Rakah and said the Salam, then he prostrated twice, and then he said the Salam again." Hasan
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"The Messenger of Allah (saw) said the Salam after three Rakah for 'Asr, then he stood up and went into the apartment. Khirbaq, a man with big hands, stood up and called out: 'O Messenger of Allah! Has the prayer been shortened?' He came out angrily, dragging his lower garment, and asked about it, and was told (what had happened). So he performed the Rakah that he had omitted, then he said the Salam, then he prostrated twice and said the Salam again." Hasan
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"I heard the Messenger of Allah (saw) say: 'For every mistake there are two prostrations, after saying the Salam.'" Sahih
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"The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: 'Whoever vomits, has a nosebleed, belches, or emits prostatic fluid, should stop praying; perform ablution, then resume his prayer, and while he is in that state he should not speak." Hasan
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