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Whenever a dead man in debt was brought to Allah's Apostle (SAW) he would ask, "Has he left anything to repay his debt?" If he was informed that he had left something to repay his debts, he would offer his funeral prayer, otherwise he would tell the Muslims to offer their friend's funeral prayer. When Allah made the Prophet (SAW) wealthy through conquests, he said, "I am more rightful than other believers to be the guardian of the believers, so if a Muslim dies while in debt, I am responsible for the repayment of his debt, and whoever leaves wealth (after his death) it will belong to his heirs."
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Allah's Apostle (SAW) ordered me to distribute the saddles and skins of the Budn which had slaughtered.
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Allah's Apostle (SAW) employed someone as a governor at Khaibar. When the man came to Medina, he brought with him dates called Janib. The Prophet (SAW) asked him, "Are all the dates of Khaibar of this kind?" The man replied, "(No), we exchange two Sa's of bad dates for one Sa of this kind of dates (i.e. Janib), or exchange three Sa's for two." On that, the Prophet (SAW) said, "Don't do so, as it is a kind of usury (Riba) but sell the dates of inferior quality for money, and then buy Janib with the money". The Prophet (SAW) said the same thing about dates sold by weight. (See Hadith No. 511).
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Once, we were sitting in the company of the Prophet (SAW), a dead body was brought. The Prophet (SAW) was requested to lead the funeral salat (prayer) for the deceased. He said, "Is he in debt?" The people replied in the negative. He said, "Has he left any wealth?" They said, "No." So, he led his funeral prayer. Another dead person was brought and the people said, "O Allah's Messenger! Lead his funeral salat (prayer)." The Prophet (SAW) said, "Is he in debt?" They said, "Yes." He said, "Has he left any wealth?" They said, "Three Dinar." So, he led the funeral prayer. Then a third dead person was brought and the people said (to the prophet), "Please lead his funeral prayer." He said, "Has he left any wealth?" They said, "No." He asked, "Is he in debt?" They said, ("yes! He has to pay) three Dinar." He [refused to offer funeral salat (prayer) and] said, "Then offer salat for your (dead) companion." Abu Qatada said, "O Allah's Messenger! Lead his funeral prayer, and I will pay his debt." So, he led the salat (prayer).
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The Prophet (SAW) said, "An Israeli man asked another Israeli to lend him one thousand Dinars. The second man required witnesses. The former replied, 'Allah is sufficient as a witness.' The second said, 'I want a surety.' The former replied, 'Allah is sufficient as a surety.' The second said, 'You are right,' and lent him the money for a certain period. The debtor went across the sea. When he finished his job, he searched for a conveyance so that he might reach in time for the repayment of the debt, but he could not find any. So, he took a piece of wood and made a hole in it, inserted in it one thousand Dinars and a letter to the lender and then closed (i.e. sealed) the hole tightly. He took the piece of wood to the sea and said. 'O Allah! You know well that I took a loan of one thousand Dinars from so-and-so. He demanded a surety from me but I told him that Allah's Guarantee was sufficient and he accepted Your guarantee. He then asked for a witness and I told him that Allah was sufficient as a Witness, and he accepted You as a Witness. No doubt, I tried hard to find a conveyance so that I could pay his money but could not find, so I hand over this money to You.' Saying that, he threw the piece of wood into the sea till it went out far into it, and then he went away. Meanwhile he started searching for a conveyance in order to reach the creditor's country. One day the lender came out of his house to see whether a ship had arrived bringing his money, and all of a sudden he saw the piece of wood in which his money had been deposited. He took it home to use for fire. When he sawed it, he found his money and the letter inside it. Shortly after that, the debtor came bringing one thousand Dinars to him and said, 'By Allah, I had been trying hard to get a boat so that I could bring you your money, but failed to get one before the one I have come by.' The lender asked, 'Have you sent something to me?' The debtor replied, 'I have told you I could not get a boat other than the one I have come by.' The lender said, 'Allah has delivered on your behalf the money you sent in the piece of wood. So, you may keep your one thousand Dinars and depart guided on the right path.' "
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The Prophet (SAW) owed somebody a camel of a certain age. When he came to demand it back, the Prophet (SAW) said (to some people), "Give him (his due)." When the people searched for a camel of that age, they found none, but found a camel one year older. The Prophet (SAW) said, "Give (it to) him." On that, the man remarked, "You have given me my right in full. May Allah give you in full." The Prophet (SAW) said, "The best amongst you is the one who pays the rights of others generously."
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A man came to the Prophet (SAW) demanding his debts and behaved rudely. The companions of the Prophet (SAW) intended to harm him, but Allah's Apostle (SAW) said (to them), "Leave him, for the creditor (i.e. owner of a right) has the right to speak." Allah's Apostle (SAW) then said, "Give him a camel of the same age as that of his." The people said, "O Allah's Apostle (SAW)! There is only a camel that is older than his." Allah's Apostle (SAW) said, "Give (it to) him, for the best amongst you is he who pays the rights of others generously."
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When the delegates of the tribe of Hawazin after embracing Islam, came to Allah's Apostle (SAW), he got up. They appealed to him to return their properties and their captives. Allah's Apostle (SAW) said to them, "The most beloved statement to me is the true one. So, you have the option of restoring your properties or your captives, for I have delayed distributing them." The narrator added, Allah's Apostle (SAW) c had been waiting for them for more than ten days on his return from Taif. When they realized that Allah's Apostle (SAW) would return to them only one of two things, they said, "We choose our captives." So, Allah's Apostle (SAW) got up in the gathering of the Muslims, praised Allah as He deserved, and said, "Then after! These brethren of yours have come to you with repentance and I see it proper to return their captives to them. So, whoever amongst you likes to do that as a favor, then he can do it, and whoever of you wants to stick to his share till we pay him from the very first booty which Allah will give us then he can do so." The people replied, "We agree to give up our shares willingly as a favor for Allah's Apostle (SAW)." Then Allah's Apostle (SAW) said, "We don't know who amongst you has agreed and who hasn't. Go back and your chiefs may tell us your opinion." So, all of them returned and their chiefs discussed the matter with them and then they (i.e. their chiefs) came to Allah's Apostle (SAW) to tell him that they (i.e. the people) had given up their shares gladly and willingly.
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When An-Nuaiman or his son was brought in a state of drunkenness, Allah's Apostle (SAW) ordered all those who were present in the house to beat him. I was one of those who beat him. We beat him with shoes and palm-leaf stalks.
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I twisted the garlands of the Hady (i.e. animals for sacrifice) of Allah's Apostle (SAW) with my own hands. Then Allah's Apostle (SAW) put them around their necks with his own hands, and sent them with my father (to Makkah). Nothing legal was regarded illegal for Allah's Apostle (SAW) till the animals were slaughtered.
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